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Web Development: Frontend

Web development refers to the building, creating, and maintaining of websites. It includes aspects such as web design, web publishing, web programming, and database management. It is the creation of an application that works over the internet i.e. websites.

Building a website comprises 2 fundamentals:

  • Frontend
  • Backend 



Frontend Development refers to the 'Client Side' of the website, or in simpler terms, the visual part of any website. 
The prerequisites of frontend development include:
  • HTML
  • CSS
  • JS
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is used to design the front end portion of web pages using markup language. It acts as a skeleton for a website since it is used to make the structure of a website.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a simply designed language intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable. It is used to style our website.
CSS can further be classified into the following:
  • CSS Library: Pure CSS
  • CSS Frameworks: Bootstrap, Bulma, Foundation, Materialize CSS, Semantic UI, Tailwind CSS
  • CSS Preprocessor: SASS, LESS
Bootstrap is a free and open-source CSS framework directed at responsive, mobile-first front-end web development.

Sass is a preprocessor scripting language that is interpreted or compiled into Cascading Style Sheets. SassScript is the scripting language itself.

JS or JavaScript is a scripting language used to provide a dynamic behavior to a website.
JS can further be classified into the following:
  • ES6
  • TypeScript (TS)
  • Package Manager: npm, yarn
  • JS Frameworks: AngularJS, ReactJS, VueJS
  • JS Library: JQuery, FabricJS, 
ECMAScript (or ES) is a JavaScript standard meant to ensure the interoperability of web pages across different web browsers. ECMAScript is commonly used for client-side scripting on the World Wide Web, and it is increasingly being used for writing server applications and services using Node.js.

TypeScript is a programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript and adds optional static typing to the language. TypeScript is designed for the development of large applications to JavaScript.

NPM is a package manager for the JavaScript programming language maintained by npm, Inc. npm is the default package manager for the JavaScript runtime environment Node.js.

Yarn is a software packaging system developed in 2016 by Facebook for Node.js JavaScript runtime environment that provides speed, consistency, stability, and security as an alternative to npm.

AngularJS was a JavaScript-based open-source front-end web framework for developing single-page applications. It was maintained mainly by Google and a community of individuals and corporations. It aimed to simplify both the development and the testing of such applications by providing a framework for client-side model–view–controller (MVC) and model–view–viewmodel (MVVM) architectures, along with components commonly used in web applications and progressive web applications.

React (also known as React.js or ReactJS) is a free and open-source front-end JavaScript library for building user interfaces based on UI components. It is maintained by Meta and a community of individual developers and companies. React can be used as a base in the development of single-page, mobile, or server-rendered applications with frameworks like Next.js. However, React is only concerned with state management and rendering that state to the DOM, so creating React applications usually requires the use of additional libraries for routing, as well as certain client-side functionality.

VueJS is an open-source model–view–viewmodel front end JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications. It was created by Evan You, and is maintained by him and the rest of the active core team members.

jQuery is a JavaScript library designed to simplify HTML DOM tree traversal and manipulation, as well as event handling, CSS animation, and Ajax. It is free, open-source software using the permissive MIT License. Web analysis indicates that it is the most widely deployed JavaScript library by a large margin, having at least 3 to 4 times more usage than any other JavaScript library.







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